.research-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,.85fr) minmax(0,1.15fr);gap:64px;align-items:center;margin:28px 0 46px}.research-hero>*{min-width:0}.research-hero .page-intro{padding:0;margin:0}.research-hero h1{font-size:clamp(32px,3.5vw,51px);line-height:1.12}.research-hero .lede{font-size:17px}.research-hero .research-review{font-size:11px;margin-top:24px;color:var(--muted)}.research-summary{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));border-block:1px solid var(--line);margin:0 0 52px}.research-summary>div{padding:25px 24px 24px 0;min-width:0}.research-summary>div+div{padding-left:24px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)}.research-summary span{display:block;font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--muted)}.research-summary strong{display:block;font-size:25px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.2;margin:8px 0}.research-summary p{font-size:12px;margin:0;color:var(--muted)}.research-article section{margin-bottom:46px;scroll-margin-top:120px}.research-article .section-label{font-size:10px;color:var(--sage);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.12em;margin-bottom:10px}.research-article h2{font-size:30px}.research-article h3{font-size:20px;letter-spacing:-.02em}.research-steps{list-style:none;padding:0;counter-reset:steps}.research-steps li{padding:20px 0 20px 46px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);position:relative;counter-increment:steps}.research-steps li:before{content:counter(steps,decimal-leading-zero);position:absolute;left:0;top:20px;color:var(--sage);font-size:13px}.research-steps p{margin-bottom:0}.research-aside{align-self:start;position:sticky;top:110px}.research-toc{margin:0 0 26px;padding:0;list-style:none}.research-toc a{font-size:13px;display:block;padding:9px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);text-decoration:none}.research-aside .button{width:100%;margin:14px 0 12px;font-size:13px}.research-related{display:grid;gap:8px;margin:20px 0}.research-related a{font-size:14px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;padding:14px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;text-decoration:none}.research-related a:hover{background:var(--pale)}.research-article .source-note{font-size:11px;margin-top:18px;color:var(--muted)}.research-article .source-note a{margin-right:12px}.research-article .faq{margin:20px 0}.research-article .faq summary{font-size:17px}.research-article .notice p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.research-status{font-size:13px;border-left:3px solid var(--accent);padding:10px 18px;margin:0 0 30px;background:#eeeade}.research-status strong{display:block}.research-status p{margin:5px 0 0}
.operation-figure{margin:0;--op-accent:#193e36}.operation-head{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 0 9px;gap:10px}.operation-head .eyebrow{font-size:9px;margin:0}.operation-head button,.operation-dialog-head button{background:transparent;color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;font-size:11px;min-height:38px;padding:6px 10px}.operation-head button span{margin-left:10px}.operation-stage{background:radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% 70%,#e7ebdf80,transparent 68%)}.op-model{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;overflow:visible;--model-fill:#dce3d5;--model-top:#edf0e5;--model-0:#a7b7a2;--model-1:#bdcbbb;--model-2:#d0dbca;--model-3:#e0e7d7;--model-line:#82957c}.op-model .iso-fill{fill:var(--model-fill)}.op-model .iso-top{fill:var(--model-top)}.op-model .iso-shade[data-shade="0"]{fill:var(--model-0)}.op-model .iso-shade[data-shade="1"]{fill:var(--model-1)}.op-model .iso-shade[data-shade="2"]{fill:var(--model-2)}.op-model .iso-shade[data-shade="3"]{fill:var(--model-3)}.op-model .iso-line{fill:none;stroke:var(--model-line);stroke-width:.65;stroke-linejoin:round}.op-model .iso-bevel{stroke:#fffdf5;stroke-width:.7}.op-base{--model-top:#e5e9da;--model-1:#c3cdb7;--model-2:#d0d9c3}.op-floor,.op-wood{--model-top:#e5d5b4;--model-1:#b4a081;--model-2:#d2bf99}.op-insulation{--model-top:#e4cf94;--model-1:#b39a57;--model-2:#c8b275;--model-3:#dbca91}.op-roof{--model-top:#c0d0aa;--model-1:#92aa7e;fill:#b5c7a3;stroke:#82957c;stroke-width:1}.op-earth{--model-top:#d7c7a5;--model-1:#ae9269;--model-2:#c2ad89}.op-dark{--model-top:#4c7062;--model-1:#274e40;--model-2:#3b5e4f}.op-slot{fill:#668271}.op-display{fill:#396d64;stroke:#b2cbbd;stroke-width:1}.op-glass{fill:#90b7bd;stroke:#416f82;stroke-width:1}.op-reflection{fill:#d6e6df;opacity:.65}.op-fan-rim{fill:#b9c8af;stroke:#829c84;stroke-width:1}.op-fan-recess{fill:#5b7e6b}.op-blade{fill:#b3c8ad}.op-hub{fill:#dfe8d6;stroke:#547761}.op-pipe-border{fill:none;stroke:#fbfaf4;stroke-width:7;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}.op-pipe{fill:none;stroke:var(--op-accent);stroke-width:3.5;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}.op-timber{stroke:#af9368;stroke-width:5}.op-seam{stroke-width:.6;stroke:#849678}.op-marker circle{fill:var(--op-accent);stroke:#fffefa;stroke-width:2;vector-effect:non-scaling-stroke}.op-marker text{fill:white;font:600 13px Inter,Arial,sans-serif}.op-marker.is-current circle{stroke-width:4}.operation-figure [data-part=a],.operation-figure [data-marker=a],.operation-figure [data-op-select=a]{--op-accent:#9c6015}.operation-figure [data-part=b],.operation-figure [data-marker=b],.operation-figure [data-op-select=b]{--op-accent:#146e66}.operation-figure [data-part=c],.operation-figure [data-marker=c],.operation-figure [data-op-select=c]{--op-accent:#236e98}.operation-figure [data-part]{transition:opacity .2s}.operation-figure.is-interactive [data-part],.operation-figure.is-interactive [data-marker]{cursor:pointer}.operation-figure .is-muted{opacity:.24}.operation-figure .is-current .iso-edge{stroke:var(--op-accent);stroke-width:1.7;vector-effect:non-scaling-stroke}.operation-figure [data-part]:hover .iso-edge{stroke:var(--op-accent);stroke-width:1.4;vector-effect:non-scaling-stroke}.operation-controls{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:6px}.operation-controls button{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:7px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;background:transparent;min-height:45px;padding:8px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.3;color:var(--ink)}.operation-controls button span{color:var(--op-accent);font-size:9px;font-weight:650}.operation-controls button[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--op-accent);border-color:var(--op-accent);color:white}.operation-controls button[aria-pressed=true] span{color:white}.operation-readout{min-height:149px;padding:20px 0 0}.operation-readout h2{font-size:19px;line-height:1.25;letter-spacing:-.025em;margin:0 0 9px}.operation-readout p{font-size:12px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--muted);margin:0}.operation-reset{background:transparent;border:0;padding:8px 0;min-height:36px;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px;font-size:11px;color:var(--ink)}.operation-figure figcaption{border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:9px;line-height:1.6;padding-top:12px;margin-top:10px;color:var(--muted)}.operation-modal-open{overflow:hidden}.operation-dialog{width:min(1000px,calc(100vw - 32px));max-width:none;max-height:calc(100dvh - 32px);padding:24px 36px;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;overflow:auto}.operation-dialog::backdrop{background:#183c31a6;backdrop-filter:blur(4px)}.operation-dialog-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px;margin-bottom:20px}.operation-dialog-head p{margin:0;font-size:19px;line-height:1.25}.operation-dialog-head button{flex:none}.operation-dialog .operation-figure{max-width:740px;margin:auto}.operation-dialog .operation-readout{min-height:100px}.operation-dialog .operation-readout p{font-size:14px}.operation-dialog .operation-controls button{font-size:13px}.operation-fallback{font-size:13px;padding-top:20px}
@media(max-width:1050px){.research-hero{gap:30px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,.85fr) minmax(0,1.15fr)}.research-hero h1{font-size:36px}.operation-controls button{font-size:10px;gap:4px;padding:7px 4px}.research-aside{position:static}.research-summary strong{font-size:22px}}
@media(max-width:760px){.research-hero{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:32px;margin:22px 0 32px}.research-hero h1{font-size:38px}.research-hero .lede{font-size:16px}.research-summary{grid-template-columns:1fr;margin-bottom:32px}.research-summary>div,.research-summary>div+div{padding:16px 0;border-left:0}.research-summary>div+div{border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.research-summary strong{font-size:24px}.research-summary p{font-size:13px}.operation-readout{min-height:155px}.operation-readout p{font-size:13px}.operation-controls button{font-size:11px;min-height:48px;flex-direction:column;gap:3px}.op-marker circle{r:20px}.op-marker text{font-size:18px}.operation-dialog{padding:16px;width:calc(100vw - 16px);max-height:calc(100dvh - 16px)}.operation-dialog-head p{font-size:16px}.operation-dialog .operation-controls button{font-size:11px}.research-article h2{font-size:27px}.research-article section{margin-bottom:36px}.research-aside{margin-top:10px}.operation-dialog .operation-readout{min-height:155px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.operation-figure *{transition:none!important}}
@media print{.operation-head button,.operation-reset,.operation-controls,.research-aside{display:none!important}.operation-readout [hidden]{display:block!important}.research-hero{display:block}.operation-stage{max-width:500px}.operation-figure .is-muted{opacity:1}}
.operation-figure [data-callout=a]{--op-accent:#9c6015}.operation-figure [data-callout=b]{--op-accent:#146e66}.operation-figure [data-callout=c]{--op-accent:#236e98}.op-callout{display:none;pointer-events:none}.op-callout.is-current{display:block}.op-callout-under{fill:none;stroke:var(--paper);stroke-width:5;vector-effect:non-scaling-stroke}.op-callout-line{fill:none;stroke:var(--op-accent);stroke-width:1.4;vector-effect:non-scaling-stroke}.op-callout rect{fill:#fffefa;stroke:var(--op-accent);stroke-width:1;vector-effect:non-scaling-stroke}.op-callout text{fill:var(--op-accent);font:550 15px Inter,Arial,sans-serif}.operation-readout{min-height:125px}
@media(max-width:1050px){.op-callout{display:none!important}}
@media(max-width:760px){.operation-readout{min-height:155px}}
.research-jump{display:none}
@media(max-width:760px){.research-jump{display:block;border-block:1px solid var(--line);padding:14px 0;margin:0 0 28px}.research-jump summary{cursor:pointer;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:14px}.research-jump li{font-size:13px;margin:9px 0}.research-jump ul{padding-left:18px}.research-aside>nav,.research-aside>.eyebrow{display:none}}
@media(min-width:761px) and (max-width:1050px){.op-marker circle{r:20px}.op-marker text{font-size:18px}}
@media(max-height:900px){.research-aside{position:static}}